American Guided Missiles - A.A.F. Missiles (Part 1)

American Projectiles and Explosives



Missiles

A.A.F. Missiles

1,000-pound VB-1 "Azon" Air-to-Surface Missile

Body diameter: 18.8 inches
Warhead: 1,000-pound G.P. Bomb AN-M44, M65, or M65A1


Construction: The VB-1 is a guided bomb employing a 1,000-pound G.P. body to which a special tail unit has been attached, replacing the standard tail assembly.  The VB stands for "Vertical Bomb" and indicates that the bomb is normally released from high altitude by use of a conventional bombsight and that the guided action for the bomb is relatively small, so that direction of the trajectory at the time of impact is essentially vertical.


Tail unit: More popularly known as the "Azon" bomb, since it can be controlled only in azimuth 2,000 to 3,000 feet to either side of the normal point of impact, the VB-1 has its controls in a radio receiver housed in the tail unit.  A radio transmitter, operated by the bombardier in the parent aircraft, sends signals to the receiver, which, in turn, activates a servo motor controlling the movement of the rudders in the tail fins.  Also incorporated in the tail is a gyro and solenoid system which prevents the bomb from spinning by changing the pitch of the small ailerons in the fins.

Guide flares attached to the after end of the tail unit assist the bombardier in following the flight of the VB-1.  Three flares, the T6E1 (white), T7E1 (red), and T8E1 (green) with an intensity of 1,000,000 candlepower each, are electrically armed and ignited three to four seconds after release, and burn from one to two minutes.  Three mechanically armed and ignited flares, T21, T22, and T23 are under development.


Suspension: Suspension lugs are welded to the case in a manner similar to the G.P. bombs.







1,000-pound VB-3 "Razon" Air-to-Surface Missile

Body diameter: 18.8 inches
Warhead: 1,000-pound G.P. Bomb AN-M44, M65, or M65A1


Construction: The VB-3 is a guided bomb similar to the VB-1, with the major difference that its flight may be controlled in range as well as in azimuth, and is known generally as the "Razon" bomb.  Like the VB-1, it has a special tail unit fitted to a 1,000-pound G.P. body, and is normally released from high altitude by use of a conventional bombsight, the guided action being relatively small, so that the trajectory at the time of impact is essentially vertical.


Tail unit: The controls for the VB-3 are contained in the cylindrical section of the tail unit and consist of a radio receiver, a gyro, and a servo motor.  Surrounding this unit are two shrouds; the forward shroud merely stabilizes the bomb in flight, while the after contains the stabilizing ailerons and range/azimuth control ailerons.

On each of the four struts supporting the after shroud is an aileron controlled by the gyro.  These four ailerons steady the bomb and prevent it from rotating while in flight.  They are set 90 degrees apart and operate in pairs; ie, those ailerons placed opposite to each other move together in unison.

Four move ailerons are located on the outer surface of the after shroud.  These are ailerons which control the trajectory of the bomb and adjust its flight in azimuth and range.  They also work in pairs, and are operated by connecting rods which pass through the control unit and are activated by the servo motor.  At present, two bombardiers are required with the VB-3 bomb; one controls range and the other azimuth.  They work independently of each other and, by use of a special bombsight, they are always able to see the bomb in flight, superimposed on the target.  As the bombardiers manipulate their control switches, radio waves are sent to the receiving unit in the tail.  This unit activates the servo motor, which, in turn, moves the ailerons on the shroud, altering the flight of the bomb.

As in the VB-1, flares are employed to assist the bombardier in the visual control of the flight of the bomb.  Currently used flares are the T6E1 (white), T7E1 (red), and T8E1 (green).  They are of 1,000,000 candlepower each, electrically ignited three to four seconds after release, and with one to two minutes of burning time.  Three mechanically activated flares, T21, T22, and T23 are under development.


Suspension: Suspension lugs are welded to the case in a manner similar to the G.P. bombs.









1,200-pound VB-6 "Felix" Air-to-Surface Missile

Overall length: 91.2 inches
Overall diameter: 18.6 inches
Total weight: 1,202 pounds
Warhead: 1,000-lb G.P. Bomb AN-M65


General: The VB-6 is a heat-homing, high-angle bomb for attack against targets which give higher heat radiation than the surrounding areas.  An added nose (84 pounds) and special tail assembly (143 pounds) carried on a standard 1,000-pound G.P. Bomb AN-M65 contain the heat-seeking equipment and the mechanism which operates the airfoil controls.  Requisites for proper performance are clear weather and a target which has necessary heat-radiation quality.  The bomb is sighted and released by standard Norden procedure.


Control: The tail assembly, which resembles that of VB-3, has range and azimuth control surfaces on an octagonal shroud, and gyro-stabilizes ailerons to keep the missile from spinning.  When a target passes into view, the increased heat radiations stimulate the nose unit to apply the necessary corrections to the shroud surfaces.


Suspension: Standard lugs.


Remarks: The Nose Fuze T85 has a special plate attached to it, on which the nose assembly is bolted.









12,000-pound  VB-13 "Tarzon" Air-to-Surface Missile

No picture available

Overall length: 21 feet
Warhead: 12,000-pound G.P. Bomb T10


General: This missile consists of a modified Bomb T10 with a circular, 54-inch shroud about its body for lift, an octagonal tail surface for control, and the radio control mechanisms for guidance in range and azimuth.  It is well suited for use against targets requiring direct hits, deep penetration, and heavy explosive loads.  Good visual bombing conditions are necessary, and, when several bombs are to be used on the same target, all must be dropped together, since the first explosion will visually obscure the target area.  Another tactical requirement is for the dropping aircraft to remain on its bomb run until the missile strikes.


Control: The control mechanism and procedure are fundamentally similar to those of the VB-3.


Suspension: Depending on the aircraft employed; generally similar to that of the Bomb T10.

Next Time: A.A.F Missiles (Part 2) and the "Loon"

American Projectiles and Explosives - Army Experimental Types, and Introduction for Chemical, Incendiary, and Smoke Bombs

American Projectiles and Explosives



Explosive Bombs

Army Experimental Types

4,000-pound G.P. T8

Overall length: 119 inches

Body length: 85 inches
Body diameter: 28 inches
Wall thickness: 0.875 inches

Explosive weight (TNT): 1,856.3 pounds
Explosive weight (Tritonal): 2,002.2 pounds

Total weight: 4,030 pounds

General: This is a design for a 4,000-pound G.P. bomb of the same general construction as others in this class.

Suspension: Standard lugs 30 inches apart.


Filling: Tritonal or TNT with a larger booster, the T21, which is like the M115 except for its increased size.

12,000-pound G.P. T10

Overall length: 21 feet

Body length: 10.33 feet
Body diameter: 3.17 feet
Wall thickness: 1.25 inches

Tail length: 11 feet
Tail width: 3.75 feet
Tail weight: 175 pounds

Filling: Torpex
Weight of filling: 4,980 pounds
Total weight: 11,630 pounds

Charge/weight ratio: 42%

or 

Filling: Tritonal
Weight of filling: 5,500 pounds
Total weight: 12,448 pounds

Charge/weight ratio: 44%

Body construction: The body is manufactured in two different ways.  The British-produced model is of cast steel, with a solid nose plug and with three exploders fitted 120 degrees apart in the tail.  The bomb bodies are issued with exploders inserted, and the exploder tubes are sealed with shipping plugs.  The eventual American T10 will consist of five sections welded together.  These sections are solid nose forging, two body forgings, a rolled plate body section, and a base ring forging.  The base plate, which is a forging, is held to the base ring by means of 20 studs.

The tail is attached to the after end of the bomb body by 12 studs.  A cylindrical metal cowling, placed between the bomb body and the tail cone, enhances the streamlining of the bomb.

Tail construction: The special Tail Unit, No 78 Mk I is constructed of light alloy and consists of a cone to which are attached four fins of streamline cross-section.  The fins are set at an angle of 5 degrees to the axis of the tail cone, giving a slight right-hand spin to the bomb as it falls.  The tail fits over twelve 7/16 inch studs fitted into the bomb body, and is securely fastened to the studs by Simmonds nuts.  Three hand-holes in the tail cone give ready access to the three tail pistols, and an additional hole is provided for arming wires.


Suspension: The bomb is suspended int he plane by twin suspension slings.


Filling: The bomb body contains an explosive filling of Torpex with a one-inch layer of TNT topping added to the after end.  Four inches of woodmeal/wax composition is then added, and the filling sealed with a 1/2-inch plyboard washer.  The three exploders pass through holes in this washer and are held in place by a heavy base plate, which is secured by bolts tot he bomb body.

The American bomb will be filled with Tritonal, with an inert tail surround.


Remarks: This bomb is designed for limited operation use, and its employment will be restricted to specially adapter very heavy bombers.  Although designated a G.P. bomb, the T10 is essentially a deep-penetration bomb (though not armor- or concrete-piercing) depending for its effect upon the production of heavy shock waves as a result of the explosion of its main charge deep within the earth.

The T10 is the american designation for the British 12,000 D.P. (Deep Penetration) "Tallboy" bomb.  Except for size and fuze pocket arrangement, it is similar to the 22,000-pound G.P. Bomb T14.

22,000-pound G.P. T14

Overall length: 25.41 feet

Body length: 12.5 feet
Body diameter: 3.83 feet
Wall thickness: 1.75 inches

Tail length: 13.33 feet
Tail width: 4.48 feet
Tail weight: 287 pounds

Filling: Torpex
Weight of filling: 9,200 pounds
Total weight: 21,875 pounds

Charge/weight ratio: 42%

or 

Filling: Tritonal
Weight of filling: 9,605 pounds
Total weight: 22,155 pounds

Charge/weight ratio: 43%

Body construction: The body is manufactured in two different ways.  The British-produced model is of cast steel, with a solid nose plug and with three exploders fitted 120 degrees apart in the tail.  The bomb bodies are issued with exploders inserted, and the exploder tubes are sealed with shipping plugs.  The eventual American T14 will consist of five sections welded together.  These sections are solid nose forging, two body forgings, a rolled plate body section, and a base ring forging.  The base plate, which is a forging, is held to the base ring by means of 20 studs.

The tail is attached to the after end of the bomb body by 12 studs.  A cylindrical metal cowling, placed between the bomb body and the tail cone, enhances the streamlining of the bomb.

Tail construction: The special Tail Unit, No 82 Mk I is constructed of light alloy and consists of a cone to which are attached four fins of streamline cross-section.  The fins are set at an angle of 5 degrees to the axis of the tail cone, giving a slight right-hand spin to the bomb as it falls.  The tail fits over twelve 7/16 inch studs fitted into the bomb body, and is securely fastened to the studs by Simmonds nuts.  Three hand-holes in the tail cone give ready access to the three tail pistols, and an additional hole is provided for arming wires.


Suspension: The bomb is suspended int he plane by twin suspension slings.


Filling: The bomb contains an explosive filling of Torpex with a one-inch layer of TNT topping added to the after end.  Four inches of woodmeal/wax composition is then added, and the filling sealed with a 1/2-inch plyboard washer.  The three exploders pass through holes in this washer and are held in place by a heavy base plate, which is secured by bolts tot he bomb body.

The American bomb will be filled with Tritonal, with an inert tail surround.


Remarks: This bomb is designed for limited operation use, and its employment will be restricted to specially adapter very heavy bombers.  Although designated a G.P. bomb, the T14 is essentially a deep-penetration bomb (though not armor- or concrete-piercing) depending for its effect upon the production of heavy shock waves as a result of the explosion of its main charge deep within the earth.

The general arrangement of this bomb is identical to that of the 12,000-pound Bomb T40.  The two bombs are identical, except that the T14 has three in-line fuze pockets instead of pockets placed 120 degrees apart as in the T10, and the T14 is an enlarged version of the T10.

The T14 is the American designation for the British 22,000-pound D.P. "Grand Slam" bomb.








Chemical, Incendiary, and Smoke Bombs




Chemical

In general, the chemical bombs are of two types, classified according to case construction.  The light-case bombs have the advantage of higher charge/weight ratio, whereas the heavy-case bombs have better stowage and handling characteristics.  Both types have full-length burster charges to split the bomb case and disperse the filling over the area to be contaminated.  Fuzing must always be instantaneous or aerial burst to maintain maximum dispersion of contents.  Various fillings can be employed for different effects.




Incendiaries

Incendiaries in use at the present time are classified by their construction and use into two types.  The intensive type burns as a unit, confining its intense heat to a relatively small area.  The bombs are small in size and are always dropped in clusters to give area coverage.  They are normally employed against targets having a high percentage of roof coverage, such as industrial establishments and crowded residential areas.  Since the bombs have heavy nose plugs and substantial case strength, some penetration can be expected, and the high burning temperature of the filling will be effective in industrial areas.

The scatter type is usually a larger bomb which disperses small chunks of its burning material over a large area to ignite many small fires.  It is normally employed against readily inflammable targets such as frame construction, material storage, and grain fields.  These bombs explode on impact, to throw burning fragments of gasoline gel or other sticky emulsions against the target.




Screening Smokes

Only the screening smokes will be considered in this chapter, signalling and illuminating smokes being treated under Pyrotechnics.  This division follows in large part the allocation of responsibility for smoke munitions made between the Chemical Warfare Service and the Ordnance Department of the Army.  C.W.S. supervises matters relating to screening smokes, and the Ordnance Department performs the same functions for signalling and illuminating items.



Colors and Markings

Chemical bombs have different markings from other types of ordnance.  The bomb body is painted light grey, and colored bands indicate the nature of the filling.  The bands are located between the dual suspension lugs and before the center of gravity.  One band indicates a non-persistent filler.  Two bands indicate a persistent filler.  Green indicates casualty agents; red, harassing agents; yellow, smoke or screening agents; purple, incendiaries.

Incendiary bombs may follow the scheme of chemical bombs, with light grey body color and a purple band.  More recently, an olive drab body color with a purple band has been standardized.

All these items represent a different type of hazard from high-explosive-filled bombs.  They are particularly susceptible to fire, and proper precautions should be observed.  In handling several of the pyrotechnics and incendiaries, remember to avoid friction such as would be caused by rolling or dragging the missile.



Suspension

Heavy-case chemical bombs are suspended int he same manner as G.P. bombs; that is, by dual suspension lugs or by a single lug welded to the bomb case.  The light-case chemical bombs are suspended by lugs welded to bands which fit around the bomb body.  Incendiary bombs of the large scatter type have the same suspension as the chemical bombs.  The smaller incendiary bombs are always clustered, and for maximum packing efficiency are hexagonal in shape.  The clusters employed on incendiaries are of two types, the quick-opening variety and the aimable type with a cluster opening controlled by an aerial burst fuze.  The quick-opening clusters come in two sizes - 100-pounds and 500-pounds.  The cluster adapters for 4-pound intensive incendiaries will carry 84 bombs in the 100-pound size or 128 bombs in the 500-pound size.  The adapters for 6-pound scatter incendiaries carry 14 bombs or 60 bombs.  The cluster adapters consist of steel tubes supported by plates, with the bombs assembled around the tubes.  The bombs are held in place by spring-steel bands secured by an arming wire running through a buckle at the end of the band.  Removal of the arming wire assembly as the cluster drops releases the buckles, and the bands open to release the bombs immediately.

The aimable clusters are relatively new.  They fit a 500-pound bomb station and are designed for precision bombing from high altitudes.  To give the cluster the desired ballistic properties, a standard box-type tail assembly is attached by a single bolt to the after plate of the cluster adapter.  A strip of primacord (PETN) running full-length along the side of the cluster serves to break the spring steel bands and allow the bombs to scatter when the aerial-burst nose fuze functions.  The 500-pound Aimable Cluster AN-M17A1 is filled with 110 4-pound Incendiary Bombs AN-M50A2 and AN-M50XA3.  The Cluster Adapter E6R2 (500-pound) contains Incendiary Bombs AN-M69 or M74.  The Aimable Cluster Adapter M23 (500-pound) contains 38 bombs, either Incendiary Bomb AN-M69, Incendiary Bomb M74, or Smoke Bomb M77.




Jettisonalbe fuel tanks "Fire Bombs"

Fuel tanks filled with a gasoline-Napalm mixture for incendiary purposes and fitted with igniters were developed during the war.  At present, however, the practice has been discontinued.

Next Time: Chemical, Incendiary, Smoke - "M" Series Bombs

British Explosive Ordnance - Semi-Armor Piercing, Armor Piercing, and Deep Penetration Bombs

British Explosive Ordnance

 Semi-Armor Piercing and Armor Piercing Bombs Introduction



There are two British SAP bombs in present service use.  They are designed for penetration of resistant targets, such as reinforced concrete or medium armored targets, where penetration is required before the bomb detonates.

Only one AP bomb, the 2000lb, is used by the British.  It is used for attacks against heavily armored targets, such as capital ships, and is so constructed and fuzed that the bomb does not break up on impact.  Detonation does not occur until after the target is penetrated.  A 450lb AP bomb was used early in the war, constructed along the same lines as the 2000lb, but it is now obsolete.

Both the AP and SAP bombs are fuzed in the tail only.  Earlier marks were designed to receive a tail fuze, but later marks are fitted for pistol/detonator combination.  In later marks, the pistol used for fuzing is supplied in position in the bomb, without detonators, where it acts as a tail transit plug.

SAP bombs are dark green overall, with a white band on the nose just before a red band.  The actual construction is similar to the GP bombs, but the case is thicker, and they are even more streamlined.  They are normally filled with TNT, and have a loading factor of about 20 percent.  Mks I, II, III, and IV have tails secured by a fuze locking ring which is threaded left-handed, while the Mk V has a clip-on tail.

AP bombs are dark green in color.  The nose is painted light green to the point of widest diameter.  Two white bands, separated by a red band, are painted around the nose.  The bombs are of one-piece construction, and are filled with shellite, which consists mainly of picric acid and is very insensitive.  The loading factor is about 10 percent.

SAP 250lb Mks II and III (Obsolete), and Mks IIC, IIIC, and V (Service)

Overall length: 49 inches

Body length: 31.5 inches

Body diameter: 9.2 inches

Wall thickness: 0.91 to 0.99 inches at maximum  diameter and 0.61 to 0.69 inches at minimum thickness beginning 16.8 inches abaft nose.

Tail length: No.10 Mk I and No.5 Mk I - 18 inches
Tail width: 9.2 inches

Total weight: 245 pounds
Charge/Weight ratio: 17%

Fuzing:
-Mks II-IV: Tail Fuze No.30
-Mk V: Tail Pistols No.28 or No.30

Tail No:
-Mks II and III: No.1 Mk I
-Mk V: No.10 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
1/2 inch white band 3 inches from nose,
1/2 inch red band 3 and 1/2 inches from nose,
1 inch light green band 6.5 inches from nose.

  

Body Construction: The Mk V body is forged steel with a pointed nose and an open base threaded internally to receive the exploder container, which is cemented in position.  The base of the body is threaded externally to receive a tail adapter, which is in the form of a coned ring with four equi-spaced slots to receive the spring clips of the tail.  Earlier marks were similar to the Mk V, with slight variations in the tail adapter.


Tail Construction: The Tail No.10 Mk I has a tail cone with a cylindrical strut attached by four fins.  It is attached to the bomb body by four spring clips.  The arming spindle engages the fork in the tail pistol.  The Tail No.1 Mk I, used on Bombs Mk II and III has no spring clips, while the Tail No.3 Mk I used on Bombs Mk IIC, Mk IIIC, does have spring clips.


Suspension: A single suspension lug is secured to the body by four screws.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE pellets in Mks II-IV, and HE in the Mk V.

Filling:
-Mk V: 40.5 pounds TNT/Beeswax
-Mks II-IV: 41.5 pounds TNT


Remarks: The Tail Fuze No.30 has left-hand threads on the securing ring.  Use of the Tail Pistol No.37 is unlikely. 

Tail fins are usually painted red when the Time Pistol No.37 is used.

Any mark may be found fitted with a copper driving band for proof firing from the BL 9.2 inch Howitzer.

SAP 500lb Mks II-III (Obsolete), and Mks IIC, IIIC, and V (Service)
   

Overall length: 62 inches

Body length: 41.8 inches

Body diameter: 11.5 inches

Wall thickness: 1.22 to 1.32 inches at maximum  diameter and 0.82 to 0.92 inches at minimum thickness beginning 23 inches abaft nose.

Tail length:
-No.6 Mks I: 21 inches
-No.11 Mk I: 20.4 inches
-No.27 Mk I and II: 9.24 inches

Tail width: 11.5 inches

Total weight: 490 pounds
Charge/Weight ratio: 18%

Fuzing:
-Mks II-IV: Tail Fuze No.30
-Mk V: Tail Pistols No.28 or No.30

Tail No:
-Mks II and III: No.1 Mk I
-Mks IIC and IIIC: No.4 Mk I
-Mk V: No.11 Mk I, or No.27 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
1/2 inch white band 3 inches from nose,
1/2 inch red band 8 and 1/2 inches from nose,
1 inch light green band 8 inches from nose.

  

Body Construction: The Mk V body is forged steel with a pointed nose and an open base, threaded internally to receive the exploder container, which is cemented in position.  The base of the body is threaded externally to receive the tail adapter, which is in the form of a coned ring with four equi-spaced slots to receive the spring clips of the tail.  Earlier marks were similar to the Mk V, with slight variations in the tail adapter.


Tail Construction: The Tails No.27 Mks I and II are the short-type tail unit with arming vanes protruding beyond the strut and fins.  The Tail Assembly No.11 Mk I consists of a tail cone with a cylindrical strut attached by means of four fins.  It is attached to the bomb body by four spring clips.  The arming spindle engages the fork in the tail pistol.  The Tail No.1 Mk I used on Bombs Mk II and Mk III has no spring clips, while the No.4 Mk I tail used on Bombs Mk IIC and Mk IIIC does have spring clips.


Suspension: A single suspension lug is secured to the body by four screws.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE and TNT in Mks II-IV; CE only in Mk V.  There is no separate layer of TNT around the exploder as in the 250lb SAP Mk V.

Filling:
-Mks II-IV: 90 pounds TNT
-Mk V: 89 pounds TNT


Remarks: The Tail Fuze No.30 has left-hand threads on the securing ring.

Use of the Tail Pistol No.37 is unlikely, but if used, tail fins are usually painted red.

The Bomb Mk I is very old and will not be found.  The Mk IV bomb was manufactured, but never filled.

AP 2000lb Mks I, II, III, and IV (Service)
   

Overall length: 113 inches

Body length: 80 inches

Body diameter: 13.5 inches
 Wall thickness: 2.4 inches (approx.)

 Tail length: 35.5 inches
 Tail width: 13.5 inches

Total weight: 1934 pounds
Charge/Weight ratio: 9%

Fuzing:
-Mks I, II, and III: Tail Fuze No.37
-Mk IV: Tail Pistol No.30

Tail No:
-Mk I: No.1 Mk I
-Mks II and III: No.10 Mk I
-Mk IV: No.47 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall, with light green nose
Three 1/2 inch bands, white, red, and white respectively, painted 4 inches to 5 and 1/2 inches from tip of nose.

  

Body Construction: The Bomb Mk I has a forged steel body with a solid nose approximately 1.9 feet long and a slight taper from the maximum diameter to the tail.  The base is threaded externally to take a tail adapter, and internally to take a base adapter, which receives the exploder container.  The fuze is locked in position by a fuze securing ring.  The Mks II and III are similar to the Mk I, except for the tail adapter, which has four equi-spaced holes threaded for attachment of the tail.  The Mk IV is modified to take a Tail Pistol No.30.


Tail Construction: The Tail No. 1 Mk I is of aluminum alloy, consisting of a cylindrical strut attached to the tail cone by four vanes.  It fits over the tail adapter and is secured by six screws.  The Tail No.15 Mk I is similar to the No.1 Mk I, but is made of steel.  It has a strengthening ring two inches from the base, and is secured to the tail adapter by four wing bolts.  The Tail No.47 Mk I consist of a cylindrical strut secured to the tail cone by four fins which are riveted on.  A reach rod extends through the tail cone, and is supported by a spider.


Suspension: The bomb is suspended from the plane by two suspension bands.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE issued in position in exploder container.
Filling: 166 Shellite, with a composition pad in the forward end of the cavity, sealed aft with washers and cement.  Shellite is a very insensitive explosive consisting of 70% picric acid and 30% dinitrophenol.




Deep Penetration Bombs Introduction

These bombs were designed for special operational uses to give deep penetration of the earth and to produce heavy shock waves as a result of the explosion of their main charge.  They have a charge/weight ratio of about 45%, and are not intended for use as armor- or concrete-piercing bombs.

The two sizes of bombs are identical in all respects, the 22000 pound DP being merely an enlarged version of the 12000 pound DP.  A rather unusual feature of these bombs is the use of a cowl between the bomb body and the tail assembly to enhance their streamlining.  Both DP bombs are tail fuzed only, each bomb using three Tail Pistols No.58 located 120 degrees apart in the base plate.

These bombs have been adapted by the US for service use after slight modifications in the method of construction.

DP 12,000lb Mk I "Tallboy" (Service)

Overall length: 21 feet

Body length: 10 feet, 4 inches

Body diameter: 3 feet, 2 inches

Wall thickness:
-Near tail: 1.25 inches
-Near nose: 4.1 inches

Tail length: 10 feet, 8 inches

Tail width: 3 feet, 6 inches (across fins)

Total weight: 11,885 pounds
Charge/Weight ratio: 45% (approx.)

Fuzing: Mk III - Three Tail Pistols No.58 Mk I

Tail No: No.78 Mk I
  

Color and markings: Green overall, Red band near nose

Body Construction: The bomb body is manufactured of cast steel, with a solid nose plug, and with three exploders fitted 120 degrees apart in the base plate.  The bombs are issued with exploders inserted, and the exploder tubes are sealed with shipping plugs.

The tail is attached to the after end of the bomb body by 12 studs.  A cylindrical metal cowling, placed between the bomb body and the tail cone, enhances the streamlining of the bomb.

The bomb body contains an explosive filling of Torpex with a one-inch layer of TNT topping added to the after end.  Four inches of wood-meal/wax composition is then added, and the filling sealed with a 1/2 inch plyboard washer.  The three exploders pass through holes in this washer and are held in place by a heavy base plate, which is secured by bolts to the bomb body.


Tail Construction: The special tail unit, No.78 Mk I, is constructed of light alloy and consists of a cone to which are attached four fins of streamlined cross-section.  The fins are set at an angle of 5 degrees to the axis of the tail cone, giving a slight right-hand spin to the bomb as it falls.  The tail fits over twelve 7/16 inch studs fitted into the bomb body, and is securely fastened to the studs by Simmonds nuts.  Three hand-holes in the tail cone give ready access to the three tail pistols.
 
Suspension: The bomb is suspended in the plane by twin suspension links.  Each link is coupled beneath the bomb by a special Vickers release clip, capable of either electrical or manual operation.

In addition to the suspension links, the bomb is positioned in the plane by a standard crutching system.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:
-Primary: 2 ring and 2 solid CE pellets; 4 solid RDX/Beeswax pellets
-Secondary: 2 ring and 2 solid large RDX/Beeswax pellets (placed in a special exploder tube into which the standard exploder container fits)


Main Filling: Approximately 5,200 pounds Torpex surmounted by a 1-inch topping of TNT.


Remarks: This bomb is designed for special operation uses, and its employment will be restricted to certain specified bomb commands.  The initials "DP" signify its deep penetration characteristics, although the bomb is not designed for armor or concrete piercing.  Rather, it is intended to produce heavy shock waves as a result of the explosion of its heavy main charge deep within the earth.

The bomb is carried on specially adapted Lancaster aircraft.  The striking velocity of the bomb, when released at an altitude of 18000 feet, and an air speed of 200 mph, is stated at 1,097 ft/sec at which speed it has developed a rotational velocity of 300 rpm.

The filling and exploder system of this bomb is identical to that of the 22000 pound DP Bomb, "Grand Slam".  The two bombs are identical in all respects, the 22000 pound DP being merely an enlarged version of the 12000 pound DP Bomb.

DP 22,000lb Mk I, "Grand Slam" (Service)

Overall length: 25 feet, 6 inches

Body length: 12 feet, 6 inches

Body diameter: 3 feet, 10 inches

Wall thickness:
-Near tail: 1.75 inches
-Near nose: 7.75 inches

Tail length: 13 feet, 4 inches

Tail width: 4 feet, 4 inches (across fins)

Total weight: 22,400 pounds
Charge/Weight ratio: 42% (approx.)

Fuzing: Mk III - Three Tail Pistols No.58 Mk I

Tail No: No.82 Mk I
  

Color and markings: Green overall, Red band near nose

Body Construction: The bomb body is manufactured of cast steel, with a solid nose plug and with three exploders fitted 120 degrees apart in the base plate.  The bomb bodies are issued with exploders inserted, and the exploder tubes are sealed with shipping plugs.

The tail is attached to the after end of the bomb body by 12 studs.  A cylindrical metal cowling, placed between the bomb body and the tail cone, enhances the streamlining of the bomb.

The bomb contains an explosive filling of Torpex, with a one-inch layer of TNT topping added to the after end.  Four inches of woodmeal/wax composition is then added, and the filling sealed with a 1/2 inch plyboard washer.  The three exploders pass through holes in this washer and are held in place by a heavy base plate, which is secured by bolts to the bomb body.


Tail Construction: The special tail unit, No.82 Mk I, is constructed of light alloy and consists of a cone to which are attached four fins of streamlined cross-section.  The fins are set at an angle of 5 degrees to the axis of the tail cone, giving a right-hand spin to the bomb as it falls.  The tail fits over twelve 7/16 inch studs fitted into the bomb body, and is securely fastened to the studs by Simmonds nuts.  Three hand-holes in the tail cone give ready access to the three tail pistols.
 
Suspension: The bomb is suspended in the plane by twin suspension links.  Each link is coupled beneath the bomb by a special Vickers release clip, capable of either electrical or manual operation.

In addition to the suspension links, the bomb is positioned in the plane by a standard crutching system.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:
-Primary: 2 ring and 2 solid CE pellets; 4 solid RDX/Beeswax pellets
-Secondary: 2 ring and 2 solid large RDX/Beeswax pellets (placed in a special exploder tube into which the standard exploder container fits)

Main Filling: Approximately 9,200 pounds Torpex surmounted by a 1-inch topping of TNT.


Remarks: This bomb is designed for special operation uses, and its employment will be restricted to certain specified bomb commands.  The initials "DP" signify its deep penetration characteristics, although the bomb is not designed for armor or concrete piercing.  Rather, it is intended to produce heavy shock waves as a result of the explosion of its heavy main charge deep within the earth.

The bomb is carried on specially adapted Lancaster aircraft.  The striking velocity of the bomb, when released at an altitude of 16000 feet, and an air speed of 200 mph, is stated at 1,097 ft/sec at which speed it has developed a rotational velocity of 60 rpm.

The general arrangement of this bomb is identical to that of the 12000 pound DP Bomb "Tallboy".  The two bombs are identical in all respects, the 22000 DP being merely an enlarged version of the 12000 DP Bomb.

Grand Slam bombs made in the US differ somewhat in body construction from those made in Britain.  The body is built up of five sections welded together.  The solid nose and the base sections are made of forged steel, while the three center sections are made of rolled plate, longitudinally welded, taper-bored internally, and then set in a die to form the external contours.

Next Time:  Anti-Submarine and Buoyancy Bombs, and Aircraft Depth Charges

British Explosive Ordnance - Medium and High Capacity Bombs

British Explosive Ordnance

Medium Capacity Bombs Introduction



These bombs are designed for general operational use as alternatives to the corresponding GO bombs.  They are comparable to the US GP series, with a loading factor of approximately 50%, parallel sides, and ogival noses.

They may be fuzed at the nose and tail, or at the nose or tail only, if so desired.  When shipped, they are plugged at the nose and fitted with a Tail Pistol No.28 or No.30 (without detonators), the pistol acting as a tail transit plug.

These bombs are painted dark green overall, with a red band around the bomb body near the nose denoting that the bomb has been filled, and a light green band around the nose end indicating its HE nature.  The type of filling is stencilled around the bomb body, as is the monogram of the filling station, date of filling, etc.  These bombs are supplied fitted with transit bases, and the larger bombs have transit rings in addition to the bases.

MC 250lb, Mks I and II (Service)

  

Overall length: 55.5 inches

Body length: 27.5 inches

Body diameter: 10 inches

Wall thickness: 0.3 inches
Tail length: 27 inches (approx.)
Tail width: 10 inches

Total weight: 225 pounds (approx)
Charge/Weight ratio: 50% (approx)


Fuzing: Nose Pistol No.27, 42, 44; Tail Pistol No.28, 30, or 37

Tail No: No.2 Mks I or II

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
1/2 inch red band around nose,
1 inch light green band around base of ogive

  

Body Construction: The bomb has a solid drawn or rolled steel body.  The exploder containers screw into the nose and male base plates.  This bomb has parallel sides, with an ogival nose and a slight rear taper, similar to the construction of US General Purpose Bombs.


Tail Construction: The tail consists of a cylindrical tail strut secured to the tail cone by four fins.  The tail assembly is secured to the bomb body by four spring clips, which engage slots in the tail end of the body.  A reach rod through the tail cone, having arming vanes attached to the after end, engages the arming fork in the tail pistol.


Suspension: The Bomb Mk I has a single suspension lug welded to the bomb body.  The Bomb Mk II has dual lugs welded to its case for suspension from US aircraft, in addition to a single lug.

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE pellets
Filling: Amatol or Pentolite


Remarks: This bomb is supplied with a Tail Pistol No.28 or 30, and may or may not be fuzed in the nose.

The Anti-Disturbance Fuze No.845, formerly incorporated in the nose of bombs fuzed with the Tail Pistol No.37, is obsolete.

Tail fins are usually painted red when a time pistol is used.

MC 500lb Mks I-V (Obsolescent), and Mks VI-XII (Service)
   

Overall length (w/ long tail): 70.6 inches
Overall length (w/ short tail): 57.8 inches

Body length: 41 inches

Body diameter: 12.9 inches

Wall thickness:
Mks I, II, VI, VII: 0.3 inches
Mks III, IV, V, VIIII-XII: 0.42 inches

Tail length:
No.25 Mks I, II: 28 inches
No.28 Mks I, II: 14 inches

Tail width: 12.9 inches

Total weight: 499lb Amatol filled (Mk VIII with short tail)
Charge/Weight ratio: 50%


Fuzing: Nose Pistol No.27, 42, 44; Tail Pistol No.28, 30, or 37

Tail No: No.2 Mk I; No.25 Mks I or II; No.26 Mk I; or No.28 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
1/2 inch red band around nose,
1 inch light green band around base of ogive

  

Body Construction: The bomb has parallel sides, with an ogival nose and a slight rear taper, similar in construction to US General Purpose bombs.

With the exceptions as given below, exploder containers screw into the nose and base plate.

Mk I: Fabricated, rolled steel sheet, welded, with nose and tail welded on.

Mk II: Drawn tube, nose formed by "bottling" process, tail welded on.

Mk III: Cast

Mk IV: Cast to 500lb GP dimensions

Mk V: Same as Mk III but center of gravity was off so all were declared obsolescent immediately.  Only used with long tail unit.

Mks VI, VII, VIII, and IX are the same as Mks I, II, III, IV, respectively, with American dual suspension lugs added.

Mk X: Forged body, solid nose, fuzed only in tail.

Mk XI: Mk VII with a solid nose.

Mk XII: Mk VII with improved welds at the after end, and fuzed both nose and tail.


Tail Construction: The Tails No.25 and No.28 are similar in construction, each consisting of a cylindrical strut attached to a tail cone by four fins.  The tail assembly is secured to the body by four spring clips which engage slots in the tail end of the body.  Turnbuckle fittings are provided for two of the springs as a locking device.  A reach rod running through the tail cone engages the arming fork of the pistol, and carries the arming vanes at its after end.  The arming vanes protrude beyond the cylindrical strut and the fins on the short-type Tail Unit No.28.


Suspension: Mks I-V of this bomb have a single suspension lug welded to the body, while Mks VI-XII have dual lugs for suspension from US aircraft welded on in addition to a single lug.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE pellets
Filling: (Mk VIII) 210lb Amatol 50/50 or 60/40; 226lb Amatex 51/40/9; 222lb RDX/TNT 60/40; or 232lb Torpex 2.


Remarks: These bombs are supplied with a Tail Pistol No.28 or No.30, and may or may not be fuzed at the nose.

The short-type tail unit, such as the No.28 Mk I, is used when the bombs are dropped from fighter-bomber aircraft.

The Anti-Disturbance Fuze No.845, formerly incorporated in the nose of bombs fuzed with the Tail Pistol No.37, is now obsolete.

Tail fins are usually painted red when a time pistol is used.

MC 1000lb Mks I and II (Service)
   

Overall length: 72.5 inches

Body length: 52.5 inches

Body diameter: 17.75 inches
 Wall thickness: 0.48 inches

 Tail length: 20 inches
 Tail width: 17.5 inches

Total weight: 1021lb Amatol filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 47%


Fuzing: Nose Pistol No.27, 42, 44; Tail Pistol No.28, 30, or 37

Tail No: No.38 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
Red band around nose,
Light green band around base of ogive

  

Body Construction: The bomb body is a hollow steel casting having parallel sides, an ogival nose, and a slight taper at the after end.  The exploder containers thread into the nose and male base plate.  This bomb is similar in appearance to US General Purpose Bombs.


Tail Construction: The tail assembly consists of a cylindrical strut attached to the tail cone by four sheet-metal fins.  A reach rod with arming vanes on the after end extends through the tail cone and engages an arming fork in the tail pistol.  The tail is secured to the body by four wing bolts and retained in the tail ring by split pins.  The arming vanes protrude beyond the cylindrical strut.


Suspension: The Bomb Mk I has a single suspension lug at the center of gravity attached to two stop plates, and dual "U" bolt suspension lugs, 180 degrees removed from the single lug, for carrying in US bomb racks.  Both sets of lugs are welded onto the body.  The Bomb Mk II has a strengthened form of US lug for dive bombers.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE pellets
Filling: 475lb Amatol 50/50 or 60/40, or Amatex 9; 500lb of RDX/TNT; or 525lb Torpex 2.


Remarks: This bomb is supplied with a Tail Pistol No.28 or No.30 in position, and may or may not be fuzed in the nose.

The Anti-Disturbance Fuze No.845, formerly incorporated in the nose of bombs fuzed with the Tail Pistol No.37, is now obsolete.

Tail fins are usually painted red when a time pistol is used.

MC 4000lb Mks I and II (Service)
   

Overall length: 109.5 inches

Body length: 74.5 inches

Body diameter: 30 inches
 Wall thickness: 0.75 inches

 Tail length: 33 inches
 Tail width: 30 inches

Total weight: 3764lb Amatol filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 58%


Fuzing: Nose Pistol No.27, 42, 44; Tail Pistol No.28, 30, or 37

Tail No: No.38 Mk I

Color and markings:  Dark green overall
Red band around nose,
Light green band around base of ogive

  

Body Construction: In the Bomb Mk I the exploder containers screw into the nose and make base plate.  The body has parallel sides, an ogival nose, and a slight taper at the body base.  It is similar in appearance to US General Purpose Bombs.  The Bomb Mk II has a strengthened after end due to better welding.


Tail Construction: The bomb employs a short-type tail unit, consisting of cylindrical strut attached to a tail cone by four fins.  A reach rod, having arming vanes at its rear, extends through the tail cone and engages the arming fork of the tail pistol.


Suspension: The bomb has a single lug 44 inches from the nose fuze tip, for regular suspension, and dual lugs 30 inches apart diametrically opposite the single lug for suspension from US aircraft.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders: CE pellets
Filling: 2166lb Amatol 60/40; 2195lb Amatex 9; or 2265lb RDX/TNT 60/40.


Remarks: The Anti-Disturbance Fuze No.845, formerly incorporated in the nose of bombs fuzed with the Tail Pistol No.37, is now obsolete.

Tail fins are usually painted red when a time pistol is used.

High Capacity Bombs Introduction


These bombs are thin-walled and have a high charge/weight ratio.  They are used for general bombardment purposes on operations where maximum blast damage is required.  At the present time this series includes bombs of 2000, 4000, 8000, and 12000 pounds.

The earlier marks of these bombs are provided with side fuzing positions, which are used for special operations; the bombs normally being fuzed in the nose only.  The later marks of the 2000, and 4000 pound bombs, and all of the 8000 and 12000 pound bombs of the series, have three nose-fuze pockets, all of which generally are used.

Central exploder tubes are at present fitted in all types of HC bombs, and where side fuzing positions or nose fuzing positions offset from the longitudinal axis of the bomb are used, auxiliary exploder tubes connect the fuzing positions to the central tube.
 
These bombs are characterized by dome-shaped noses and parallel sides, and may be fitted with nose attachments to retard the bomb in flight.  Drum-type tails are generally used, although the 2000 pound bomb may be fitted with a parachute attachment, and the 12000 pound bombs sometimes incorporate the normal GP type tail assembly, ie tail cone, cylindrical strut, and four fins.

The body is usually welded together and the tail bolted on.  The 8000 and 12000 pound bombs consist of two and three body sections, respectively, bolted together.

HC bombs are supplied uncrated, and are fitted with transit rings.  All fuzing positions are plugged with transit plugs.  Tails, nose attachments, and parachute attachments are supplied in separate packages.

HC 2,000lb Mks II and III (Service)

Overall length: 131 inches

Body length: 89 inches

Body diameter: 18.5 inches 

Wall thickness: 0.19 inches

Tail length: 40 inches

Tail width: 17.9 inches

Total weight: 1,723 pounds, Amatol-filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 71%

Fuzing: Mk III - Three nose pistols, No.27,42, or 44
Mk II - Three nose fuze cavities present but only the center one can be used, with one of the above fuzes.

Tail No: No.39 Mk I
  

Color and markings:  Dark Green overall
1/2 inch red band 6 inches from front cylindrical shell,
2 inch light green band 16 inches from edge

Body Construction: The body is a steel fabricated cylinder with a dome-shaped nose and parallel sides, and is closed by a flat plate bolted to a flange within the after end.  The base flange is fitted with locating pins for the tail, and the holes to receive the tail securing bolts are drilled through it.

A central tube is cemented to the stem of the central exploder container in the nose, and extends through the body almost to the closing plate.  All three nose fuzing positions house exploder containers, the two side ones extending radially inward toward the central tube.


Tail Construction: The tail is a metal cylinder, having an angle ring secured at each end.  Hand holes in the tail cylinder give access to the tail securing bolts, which thread through tapped bosses on the forward angle ring.  Other holes in the cylinder provide stability in flight.
 
Suspension: The bomb uses a single suspension lug 46 inches from the nose dome secured by eight screws.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:  CE exploder in pistol exploder containers, and CE pellets in central tube.

Main Filling: 1230lb Amatol 60/40 or 50/50; 1285lb RDX/TNT 60/40; or 1360lb Torpex 2.


Remarks: The bomb may have a nose attachment consisting of a light-gauge metal cylinder extending from the body shell forward around the dome-shaped nose, to retard it in flight.

HC 4,000lb Mk I (Obsolescent)

Overall length: 115 inches

Body length: 88.5 inches

Body diameter: 30 inches 

Wall thickness: 0.31 inches
Tail length: 27 inches
Tail width: 29.3 inches

Total weight: 3,920
Charge/Weight ratio: 73%

Fuzing: Nose Pistol No.27, 42, or 44; Two side fuze pockets not used

Tail No: No.24 Mk I
  

Color and markings:  Dark Green overall
1/2 inch red band 1 inch from front edge of cylindrical shell,
2 inch light green band 16 inches from edge

Body Construction: The body is a cylindrical shell which has a hollow, conical nose piece welded to it, parallel sides, and a closing plate bolted to an angle ring.  The angle ring is welded in position a short distance inside the after end.  The shell is strengthened by a T-section beam welded to its inner surface.  Steel blocks, constituting pads for suspension lug and hoisting brackets, are welded in the angles of the beam,  The central tube is fitted over, and cemented to, the stem of the exploder container, extending almost to the closing plate.  Two exploder containers are fitted near the rear of the bomb at 45 degree angles to the strengthening beam.


Tail Construction: The tail is a cylinder of light-gauge plate, closed at rear by a diaphragm plate which is welded in position.  Tail securing screws thread into corresponding holes near the rear edge of the body shell.  The forward portion of the cylinder has saw-cuts between adjacent screw clearance holes, so that the tail can be sprung into the rear of the bomb body.
 
Suspension: A single suspension lug at the center of gravity is bolted to the body and internal strengthening beam.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:  Exploder containers house one solid and two perforate CE pellets.  The central tube is filled with 36 pellets of pressed TNT.

Main Filling: 2882 pounds of Amatol 60/40.


Remarks: This bomb may be fitted with a nose attachment to retard it in flight, consisting of a light-gauge plate around the forward end of the shell, which projects beyond it around the conical nosepiece.  Side fuze pockets are usually not used, but might contain a Time Pistol No.47.

HC 4,000lb Mks II and III (Obsolescent), and Mks IV, V, and VI (Service)

Overall length: 110 inches

Body length: 62 inches

Body diameter: 30 inches 

Wall thickness: 0.31 inches
Tail length: 27 inches
Tail width: 29 inches

Total weight: 3,930 pounds, Amatol filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 75%


Fuzing: Three nose pistols, Nos.27, 42, or 44; side fuze pockets on Mk II not used

Tail No: No.24 Mk I
  

Color and markings:  Dark Green overall
1/2 inch red band 8 inches from nose,
2 inch light green band 2 inches from nose

Body Construction: The body consists of a fabricated steel, cylindrical shell with a domed plate welded to the nose end, parallel sides, and a closing plate bolted to the angle ring, which is welded in position a short distance inside the after end.  The closing plate has a central adapter for a screw-ion plug and two drop handles.  The nose dome houses three exploder containers, the center one of which is extended through the body by a central tube.  The Mk II has two side fuze pockets near the rear of the body.  Mks II and III have strengthening beams running fore and aft, welded to the inner surface of the body, and acting as a pad for the suspension lug and hoisting brackets.  The Mk IV has steel blocks to support the suspension lug and hoisting brackets, and has no beam.


Tail Construction: The tail is a cylinder of light-gauge plate, closed at the rear by a diaphragm plate which is welded in position.  Tail securing screws thread into corresponding holes near the rear edge of the body shell.  The forward portion of the cylinder has saw-cuts between adjacent screw clearance holes, so that the tail can be sprung into the rear of the bomb body.
 
Suspension: A single suspension lug 43 inches from the nose dome is bolted to the bomb body and the steel support block.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:  CE pellets in exploder containers and central tube.


Main Filling:
-Mk II: 2954 pounds Amatol 60/40
-Mk III and IV: 2960 pounds Amatol 50/50 or 60/40, 3070 pounds RDX/TNT 60/40, 3088 pounds Minol 2, or 3294 pounds Torpex 2.


Remarks: These bombs may be fitted with a  nose attachment to retard them in flight, consisting of light-gauge plate around the forward end of the body shell which projects beyond it around the nose piece.  The side fuze pockets on the Mk  II are usually not used but might contain a Time Pistol No.47.

The Mk V is the same as Bomb Mk IV, but was made and filled in the US.   The Bomb Mk VI was made in US, and has a metal box for lugs and other fittings welded to the rear of the bomb body.

HC 8,000lb, Sectional, Mks I and II (Obsolescent)

Overall length: 133.6 inches

Body length:
-Front Section: 3 feet, 11.15 inches
-Rear Section: 3 feet, 11.75 inches

Body diameter: 38 inches

Wall thickness: 0.5 inches

Tail length:
-No.33 Mk I: 36.5 inches
-No.52 Mk I: 64 inches


Tail width: 37.8 inches

Total weight: 7,860 pounds, Amatol 9 filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 68%


Fuzing: Three nose pistols, Nos.27, 42, or 44

Tail No: No.33 Mk I, or No.52 Mk I
  

Color and markings:  Dark Green overall
1 inch bright red band,
2 inch light green band around each of the bomb body sections

Body Construction: The bomb consists of two cylindrical sections, each approximately 45 feet long and 3 feet, 2 inches in diameter, connected together by bolts.  The front section has a domed nose plate welded to the body, and houses three exploder containers.  A flat closing plate at the rear is bolted to an end ring, which is fitted with assembly bolts for connecting the two sections.  An additional exploder container is fitted into a central bush in the rear closing plate.  The rear section is closed at each end by plates.  The forward plate is welded to a channel ring having holes circumferentially located to receive the assembly bolts of the forward section.  The exploder container fits into the forward closing plate of the rear section.  Central exploder tubes extend through both sections.  Joining rings are cast in the Mk I and fabricated by welding in the Bomb Mk II.


Tail Construction: The Tail No.33 Mk I consists of a hollow steel-plate cylinder open at the after end, with an angle ring welded or riveted in its forward end.  The angle ring is drilled to take the assembly bolts of the rear body section for attaching the tail.  Hand clearance holes give access to the assembly bolts during assembling of the tail to the bomb.

The Tail No.52 Mk I has a cone with hand holes for access to the securing bolts, and a cylindrical strut attached tot he cone by six fins which are welded to both the strut and the cone.
 
Suspension: The bomb is suspended by a single suspension lug, secured by four bolts to steel block pads on the channel ring and immediately abaft the ring on the rear body section, 50 inches from the bomb nose.  This point represents the center of gravity.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:  All exploder containers and exploders in the central tube of both sections are filled with CE pellets.

Main Filling: 5361 pounds Amatex 9, or 5850 pounds Torpex 2.


Remarks: This bomb can be fitted with a cylindrical nose attachment, place around the nose of the forward section and protruding around the domed nose, to retard bomb in flight.  This bomb is not composed of two regular 4000 pound HC bombs, but of sections weighing approximately 4000 pounds, designed especially for it.

HC 12,000lb Mk II (Service)

Overall length: 196 inches

Body length: Each of three sections approx. 4 feet long

Body diameter: 38 inches 

Wall thickness: 0.5 inches


Tail length:
-No.33 Mk I: 36.5 inches
-No.52 Mk I: 64 inches


Tail width: 38 inches

Total weight: 11,936 pounds, Amatex 9 filled
Charge/Weight ratio: 70% (approx.)


Fuzing: Three nose pistols, Nos.27, 42, or 44

Tail No: No.33 Mk I, or No.52 Mk I
  

Color and markings:  Dark Green overall
1 inch bright red band,
2 inch light green band around each of the bomb sections

Body Construction: The bombs consist of three sections bolted together.  It is identical to the 8000 pound HC bomb, with an additional rear body section.  Joining rings are fabricated by welding, not cast as in Mk I section used in 8000 pound HC bomb.


Tail Construction: The Tail No.33 Mk I is a hollow-steel plate cylinder open at the after end, with an angle ring welded or riveted onto the forward end and drilled to take the assembly bolts of the rear body section for attaching tail.  Hand clearance holes give access to the assembly bolts.

The No.52 Mk I has a tail cone with hand holes for access to the securing bolts and a cylindrical strut, attached to the cone by six fins which are welded to the strut and cone.
 
Suspension: The bomb is suspended by dual suspension lugs, each secured by four bolts to the two channel rings connecting the three body sections.
  

Explosive Components:
Exploders:  CE pellets

Main Filling: 8040 pounds Amatex 9, or 8760 pounds Torpex 2

Next Time:  Semi-Armor Piercing, Armor Piercing, and Deep Penetration Bombs