British Explosive Ordnance
Land Mines Introduction
General
British mine warfare policy is nearly identical to American policy in all major respects. The British employ anti-tank and anti-personnel mines according to the demands of the situation. The available information on these types of mines and their fuzes is presented in this section.
Designation
The British designation of their land mines is slightly irregular. The anti-tank mines are generally designated by a "Mark" in Roman numerals, which corresponds to the US Navy "Mark", and is preceded by the letters "G.S." or "E.P." Two practice anti-tank mines are designated by "Number" instead of "Mark". Anti-personnel mines vary considerably in the form of their designation, but are most commonly designated by "Mark", "Number", or both "Number" and "Mark".
Construction
Anti-tank mines generally are of simple construction, consisting of an explosive-filled body containing a fuze housing, and a pressure plate or spider, which fits over the top of the body.
Anti-personnel mines vary widely in construction and are of greater complexity than the anti-tank mines.
Filling
TNT and Baratol are the explosive fillings most commonly used in anti-tank mines, while anti-personnel mines may employ TNT, Amatol, Gelignite, Pentolite 50/50, and RDX/TNT 50/50.
Color and Markings
Land mines are usually olive drab in color and have the mine designation, filling, date of filling, etc. stencilled on the body.
Special markings and coloring are used in some cases.
Anti-Tank Mines
A/T Mine G.S. Mk II (Obsolete)
Diameter: 7 and 1/2 inches
Height: 3 and 1/4 inches
Total weight: 8.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Explosive weight: 4 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.1 Mk II
Pressure required: 350 pounds (approx.)
Height: 3 and 1/4 inches
Total weight: 8.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Explosive weight: 4 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.1 Mk II
Pressure required: 350 pounds (approx.)
Color: Sides and top dark green; bottom yellow, with cross of red and green
Description: The Mine G.S. Mk II has three main components: loaded body, cover, and fuze.
The mine cover fits over the body and is supported by a leaf spring. Pins on the sides of the mine body engage bayonet sockets in the cover. The cover of this mine must never be removed after the mine is armed. Words to that effect are stamped on the cover of the mine.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape. Passing through the center of the mine is a cavity for the insertion of the mine fuze. During ordinary shipping and storage, this cavity is closed by a shipping plug. A booster charge in a ring-shaped container is placed in this central cavity. The remainder of the mine is filled with the explosive main charge. The mine is fired when the weight of a vehicle overcomes the leaf spring under the cover and allows the cover to force down the top of the fuze.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars, tanks, or other vehicles. The mine will break tracks of light and medium tanks, and disable other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine on its edge and unscrew the shipping plug from the center of the bottom of the mine body. Remove the fuze from its cardboard container and screw it into the mine finger-tight. Place the mine in its hole cover side up.
Neutralization: To neutralize the mine, reverse the arming procedure outlined above.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the thin-walled brass sleeve has not been crushed.
The mine cover fits over the body and is supported by a leaf spring. Pins on the sides of the mine body engage bayonet sockets in the cover. The cover of this mine must never be removed after the mine is armed. Words to that effect are stamped on the cover of the mine.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape. Passing through the center of the mine is a cavity for the insertion of the mine fuze. During ordinary shipping and storage, this cavity is closed by a shipping plug. A booster charge in a ring-shaped container is placed in this central cavity. The remainder of the mine is filled with the explosive main charge. The mine is fired when the weight of a vehicle overcomes the leaf spring under the cover and allows the cover to force down the top of the fuze.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars, tanks, or other vehicles. The mine will break tracks of light and medium tanks, and disable other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine on its edge and unscrew the shipping plug from the center of the bottom of the mine body. Remove the fuze from its cardboard container and screw it into the mine finger-tight. Place the mine in its hole cover side up.
Neutralization: To neutralize the mine, reverse the arming procedure outlined above.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the thin-walled brass sleeve has not been crushed.
A/T Mine G.S. Mk III (Obsolete)
Diameter: 6 inches
Height: 5 and 1/4 inches
Total weight: 5 pounds, 10 ounces
Explosive: TNT
Material: Body, tin plate; cover, steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.2 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Height: 5 and 1/4 inches
Total weight: 5 pounds, 10 ounces
Explosive: TNT
Material: Body, tin plate; cover, steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.2 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Color: Khaki
Description: The Mine G.S. Mk III has three main components: loaded body, cover, and fuze.
The mine cover fits loosely over the top of the body when the mine is laid, and is raised slightly at the center to form a seating for the top of the fuze. For transit purposes the cover fits over the bottom of the mine and is secured with adhesive tape.
The loaded mine body is cylindrical in shape and is closed at the top with a lid soldered in place. After filling, the bottom of the mine body is closed with a base plate, which is pressed in and coated with cement for moisture-proofing. A central well in the mine body is provided for the insertion of the fuze. immediately below the fuze well is located a C.E. booster pellet surrounding the Detonator No.27, and below that is placed a solid TNT pellet.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars and other vehicles. The mine will break tracks of light and medium tanks, and disable other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine in the ground and insert the fuze in the fuze well. Withdraw the safety pin from the fuze, and place the cover of the mine over the fuze.
Neutralization: Reverse the arming procedure outlined above.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the shear wire is intact and in position
The mine cover fits loosely over the top of the body when the mine is laid, and is raised slightly at the center to form a seating for the top of the fuze. For transit purposes the cover fits over the bottom of the mine and is secured with adhesive tape.
The loaded mine body is cylindrical in shape and is closed at the top with a lid soldered in place. After filling, the bottom of the mine body is closed with a base plate, which is pressed in and coated with cement for moisture-proofing. A central well in the mine body is provided for the insertion of the fuze. immediately below the fuze well is located a C.E. booster pellet surrounding the Detonator No.27, and below that is placed a solid TNT pellet.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars and other vehicles. The mine will break tracks of light and medium tanks, and disable other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine in the ground and insert the fuze in the fuze well. Withdraw the safety pin from the fuze, and place the cover of the mine over the fuze.
Neutralization: Reverse the arming procedure outlined above.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the shear wire is intact and in position
A/T Mine G.S. Mk IV (Service)
Diameter: 8 inches
Height: 5 inches
Total weight: 12.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.3 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Height: 5 inches
Total weight: 12.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.3 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Color: Olive drab
Description: The Mine G.S. Mk IV has three main components: the loaded mine body, the pressure plate, and the fuze.
The pressure plate covers the entire top of the mine and is attached tot he mine body by four pins, which engage in four slots in metal clips attached to the body. During normal shipment and storage, adhesive tape binds the pressure plate to the mine body.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. Between the central well and the outside casing of the mine is located the explosive main charge.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars, tanks and other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Remove the adhesive tape binding the pressure plate to the mine body, and then remove the pressure plate. Place the mine in the ground and remove the paper seal from the fuze well. Inspect the fuze to make certain that the shear pin is in position, and then insert the fuze and remove the safety pin. Replace the pressure plate. Do not use force when attempting to remove the safety pin. If it does not come away easily, discard the fuze.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, remove the pressure plate and insert a safety pin in the safety-pin hole in the striker. Remove the fuze from the fuze well. Lift the mine from the ground and replace the pressure plate.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the shear wire is in position and has not been cut or partially cut.
The pressure plate covers the entire top of the mine and is attached tot he mine body by four pins, which engage in four slots in metal clips attached to the body. During normal shipment and storage, adhesive tape binds the pressure plate to the mine body.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. Between the central well and the outside casing of the mine is located the explosive main charge.
Use: This mine is used as a defense against armored cars, tanks and other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Remove the adhesive tape binding the pressure plate to the mine body, and then remove the pressure plate. Place the mine in the ground and remove the paper seal from the fuze well. Inspect the fuze to make certain that the shear pin is in position, and then insert the fuze and remove the safety pin. Replace the pressure plate. Do not use force when attempting to remove the safety pin. If it does not come away easily, discard the fuze.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, remove the pressure plate and insert a safety pin in the safety-pin hole in the striker. Remove the fuze from the fuze well. Lift the mine from the ground and replace the pressure plate.
Remarks: If mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to see that the shear wire is in position and has not been cut or partially cut.
A/T Mine G.S. Mk V and VC (Service)
Diameter: 8 inches
Height: 4 inches without spider
Total weight: 12.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Explosive weight: 8 and 1/4 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.3 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Height: 4 inches without spider
Total weight: 12.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT or Baratol
Explosive weight: 8 and 1/4 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: A/T Contact Mine Fuze No.3 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Color: Olive drab
Description: The Mine G.S. Mk V has three main components: the loaded mine body, the fuze, and the spider. Attached to the mine body are for metal clips with bayonet joints, which engage the pins on the spiders.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. During normal shipping and storage this well is closed at the top by a pressure cap. A rubber washer, on which rests the pressure cap, is located on the top of the mine around the fuze well.
Assembly and Arming: After the mine has been placed in th ground, remove the spider and pressure cap. Inspect the mine fuze to make certain that the shear wire is in place, and then insert the fuze. Extract the safety pin from the fuze, and replace the pressure cap so that it rests on the rubber washer. Replace the spider, making certain that the pins engage the slots in the clips.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, remove the spider and pressure cap and insert a safety pin in the safety-pin hole in the striker head. Remove the fuze from the well. Replace the pressure cap and spider and remove mine from its hole.
Remarks: The Mine G.S. Mk VC is identified with the Mine G.S. Mk IV, and is handled in exactly the same way. However, the Mk VC contains only 4.5 pounds of TNT or Baratol, giving it a total weight of only 8 pounds.
If the mine is to be re-used, inspect the shear pin to see that it has not been cut or partially cut. Straighten the clips and make certain that the spider can be fitted over the pressure cap without strain.
The mine body is cylindrical in shape and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. During normal shipping and storage this well is closed at the top by a pressure cap. A rubber washer, on which rests the pressure cap, is located on the top of the mine around the fuze well.
Use: This mine is used as a defence against armored cars, tanks, and other vehicles, the mine will immobilize tanks and vehicles.
If the mine is to be re-used, inspect the shear pin to see that it has not been cut or partially cut. Straighten the clips and make certain that the spider can be fitted over the pressure cap without strain.
A/T Mine E.P. Mk II (Obsolete)
Diameter: 10 inches
Height: 4 inches
Explosive weight: 4.5 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Mine Fuze E.P. Mk II
Height: 4 inches
Explosive weight: 4.5 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Mine Fuze E.P. Mk II
Color: Olive drab
Description: The Mine E.P. Mk II consists of three principal parts: the loaded mine body, the mine cover, and the mine fuzing arrangement. The mine cover is mushroom-shaped and is attached tot he mine body by four hooked straps, which engage a wire fastened to the bottom of the mine cover.
The mine body is a mushroom-shaped container with a central fuze well. On the side of the mine body near the base is located a channel which leads into the central well. This channel is closed by a small metal tab during shipment and storage.
Use: This mine is used as a defence against armored cars, tanks, and other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Insert the ampoule cartridge, red end first, into the open end of a Detonator No.8 and seal with luting. Replace the assembly in the detonator box. When ready to lay the mine, remove the steel rod from the hole in the mine body and insert the detonator assembly, ampoule end first, without using force. Bend the metal tab over the end of the assembly and place the mine in the ground.
Neutralization: Mine E.P. Mk II should never be neutralized unless absolutely necessary. They can be disarmed if the detonator assembly will come away easily without using force, but are better destroyed in place.
Remarks: Once laid, these mines are not to be used again even if disarmed.
The mine body is a mushroom-shaped container with a central fuze well. On the side of the mine body near the base is located a channel which leads into the central well. This channel is closed by a small metal tab during shipment and storage.
A/T Mine E.P. Mk V (Obsolescent)
Diameter: 8 inches
Height: 2.5 inches
Weight: 8 pounds
Explosive: TNT
Weight: 8 pounds
Explosive: TNT
Explosive weight: 4.5 pounds
Material: Sheet metal
Fuzing: Exploder E.P. No.1 or No.2
Pressure required: 250-350 pounds
Pressure required: 250-350 pounds
Description: The Mine E.P. Mk V consists of three principal components: the loaded mine body, the exploder mechanism, and the mine cover. The cover is fastened to the mine body by three pins, which engage slots provided in three retaining straps attached to the mine body.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the special exploder.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the special exploder.
Use: This mine is used as a defence against armored cars, tanks, and other vehicles. The mine will break the tracks of light and medium tanks and disable vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Lay the mine in the ground and remove the cover. Place an exploder int he inverted cover (To keep dust, etc., from the plunger), and insert an ampoule, red end first, into a Detonator No.8. Fill the open end of the detonator flush with luting. Insert this end of the detonator in the hole in the side of the exploder body. Slide the assembly home and seal in place with more luting. Grease the exploder before inserting it in the fuze well of the mine. Refit the cover.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, remove the mine cover without putting any downward pressure on the cover, and then life the exploder from the exploder well of the mine. Remove the plunger from the exploder. Lift the mine and replace the cover.
A/T Mine E.P. Mk VI (Obsolescent)
Diameter: 8 inches
Height: 3 and 1/4 inches
Weight: 8.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT
Weight: 8.5 pounds
Explosive: TNT
Explosive weight: 4.5 pounds
Material: Sheet metal
Fuzing: AT Contact Mine Fuze No.3 Mk I
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Pressure required: 350 pounds
Description: The Mine E.P. Mk VI consists of the following components: loaded mine body, fuze mechanism, and mine cover. The mine cover is fastened to the body by three pins which engage slots provided in three retaining straps attached to the mine body.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. The mine is similar to the Mine E.P. Mk V, except that the fuze pocket is smaller to accommodate the Fuze No.3 Mk I, and the Mine Mk VI is slightly heavier.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the fuze. The mine is similar to the Mine E.P. Mk V, except that the fuze pocket is smaller to accommodate the Fuze No.3 Mk I, and the Mine Mk VI is slightly heavier.
Use: This mine is used as a defence against armored cars, tanks, and other vehicles. The mine will break tracks of light or medium tanks and disable other vehicles.
Assembly and Arming: Remove the mine cover and place the mine in position in the ground. Inspect the fuze to make certain that the shear pin is in position. Then insert the fuze and remove the safety pin. Replace the mine cover.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, remove the mine cover and insert a safety pin in the safety-pin hole in the striker. Remove the fuze from the fuze well. Lift the mine from the ground and replace the mine cover.
Remarks: If the mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to make certain that the shear pin is in position and has not been cut or partially cut.
Remarks: If the mine is to be re-used, inspect the fuze to make certain that the shear pin is in position and has not been cut or partially cut.
Practice A/T Mines E.P. No.2 and No.3 (Obsolescent)
Diameter: 8 inches
Height: 2 and 1/2 inches
Explosive: G-20 Gunpowder
Explosive: G-20 Gunpowder
Explosive weight: 120 grains
Material: Sheet metal
Fuzing: Practice Exploder E.P. No.1
Pressure required: 250-350 pounds
Pressure required: 250-350 pounds
Description: This mine has four principal components: the mine body, the mine cover, the exploder mechanism, and the Thunderflash gunpowder charge. The mine cover is fastened to the body by three pins which engage slots provided in three retaining straps attached to the mine body.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the special exploder. A hole is drilled in the side of this well near the bottom to allow passage of a short length of instantaneous fuze. Three equi-spaced one-inch holes are drilled in the top of the mine body to provide gas escape vents.
The mine body is mushroom-shaped and contains a central well for the insertion of the special exploder. A hole is drilled in the side of this well near the bottom to allow passage of a short length of instantaneous fuze. Three equi-spaced one-inch holes are drilled in the top of the mine body to provide gas escape vents.
Use: This mine is used in practice minefields.
Assembly and Arming: Lay the mine in the ground and remove the cover. Inspect the plunger to make certain that the shear wire is intact and in position. Insert the plunger in the hole provided in the top of the exploder and replace the mine cover.
Neutralization: Remove the mine cover and plunger.
Remarks: A/T Practice Mine E.P. No.2 is exactly similar to the Mine No.3 describe above, except that a three-foot length of red instantaneous fuze is substituted for the Thunderflash.
Although this mine is not anti-personnel, the charge is by no means harmless, and due precautions should be taken in disarming, especially if the mine has been subjected to blast.
Although this mine is not anti-personnel, the charge is by no means harmless, and due precautions should be taken in disarming, especially if the mine has been subjected to blast.
Anti-Personnel Mines
A/P Shrapnel Mine Mks I and II
Diameter: 3 and 1/2 inches
Height: 5 and 1/2 inches
Total weight: 10 pounds
Explosive: Amatol
Total weight: 10 pounds
Explosive: Amatol
Explosive weight: 1 pound
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Special fuze
Pull required: 4 pounds
Color: Yellow
Pull required: 4 pounds
Color: Yellow
Description: The Mine Mk II consists of the following component parts: the outer mine canister, the inner case, the detonator-pistol mechanism, and the cartridge-pistol mechanism.
The outer mine canister is nothing more than a container for the inner case and acts as a small mortar to propel the inner case into the air. The inner case rests on a shoulder int he bottom of the outer canister. Below this shoulder in the canister is a small recess acting as an expansion chamber for the propellant gases. A long recess is located on the outside of the canister to retain the lever of the detonator pistol.
The inner case is a cylindrical container for the explosive charge. Two holes are located in the top of the inner case, one of which passes completely through the case for the insertion of the cartridge pistol, while the other leads into the explosive charge for the insertion of the detonator-pistol mechanism. During normal shipment and storage, the inner case is held in the outer canister by two screws passing through the bottom of the canister into the case. These screws must be removed from the mine before it is laid.
Functioning: A pull of four pounds or more on the trip wire will remove the trip plate from the cartridge pistol, allowing the striker spring to force the striker into the cartridge located beneath the pistol. The explosion of the ballistite cartridge provides the propellant force which throws the inner case into the air. When the inner case leaves the outer canister, the lever arm is released, freeing the striker in the detonator pistol, which then is forced into the detonator located below the pistol. The explosion of the detonator fires the main charge of the mine.
The outer mine canister is nothing more than a container for the inner case and acts as a small mortar to propel the inner case into the air. The inner case rests on a shoulder int he bottom of the outer canister. Below this shoulder in the canister is a small recess acting as an expansion chamber for the propellant gases. A long recess is located on the outside of the canister to retain the lever of the detonator pistol.
The inner case is a cylindrical container for the explosive charge. Two holes are located in the top of the inner case, one of which passes completely through the case for the insertion of the cartridge pistol, while the other leads into the explosive charge for the insertion of the detonator-pistol mechanism. During normal shipment and storage, the inner case is held in the outer canister by two screws passing through the bottom of the canister into the case. These screws must be removed from the mine before it is laid.
Functioning: A pull of four pounds or more on the trip wire will remove the trip plate from the cartridge pistol, allowing the striker spring to force the striker into the cartridge located beneath the pistol. The explosion of the ballistite cartridge provides the propellant force which throws the inner case into the air. When the inner case leaves the outer canister, the lever arm is released, freeing the striker in the detonator pistol, which then is forced into the detonator located below the pistol. The explosion of the detonator fires the main charge of the mine.
Use: This mine is a bounding-anti-personnel mine designed to cause casualties up to 30 yards.
Assembly and Arming: First make certain that the two transit screws holding the inner case in the outer canister are removed. Unscrew the cartridge pistol with the spanner provided. See that cartridge recess is clear and then insert the ballistite cartridge provided with each mine. Replace the cartridge pistol and make certain that the safety pin is secure. Remove the detonator pistol, making certain that the safety pin is in place. Inspect the socket to see that it is clear, and insert the detonator, small end first, so that the cap end rests on a shoulder in the socket. Replace the detonator pistol so that its firing lever engages int he recess on the outer canister. Make certain that the safety pin is secure. Place the mine in the ground and attach a loose trip wire to the cartridge pistol. Remove the detonator-pistol safety pin, and then the cartridge-pistol safety pin. If the latter safety pin cannot be withdrawn easily, release the tension and reset the trip plate.
Neutralization: Replace the cartridge-pistol safety pin, and then replace the detonator-pistol safety pin. Cut the trip wire, and disarm the mine by reversing the procedure for arming.
Remarks: The Mine Mk I is the earlier issue of the shrapnel mine and differs from the Mk II in that the Mk I spring lever is shorter than that provided for the Mine Mk II, and the recess for it in the outer canister does not extend the full length of the Mine. The Mk I mine has a leather carrying strap. The detonator of the Mine Mk I has a slight delay action, while that of the Mk II is instantaneous.
Before re-using a shrapnel mine, test it as follows: After disarming the pistols, lift the mine and examine externally. In removing the cartridge and detonator, note any tendency to stick. If either cartridge or detonator cannot be removed, discard the mine. Examine the cartridge and detonator for corrosion. Examine the empty pistol sockets, and cartridge and detonator recesses for corrosion and wetting. The detonator socket particularly should be examined for blue or green incrustation. If found, discard the mine. Test some of the removed ballistite cartridges and detonators by firing separately.
A/P Mine No.3 Mk I (Obsolescent)
Diameter: 2 and 1/2 inches
Height: 6 and 1/8 inches
Explosive: TNT
Explosive: TNT
Explosive weight: 3.5 ounces
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Special fuze
Pressure required:
-At center of plate: 38 pounds
-At edge of plate: 7 pounds
Pressure required:
-At center of plate: 38 pounds
-At edge of plate: 7 pounds
Color: Black
Markings: 1/2-inch ring of red crosses near top; 1/2-inch green ring near base
Description: The Mine No.3 Mk I has four principal components: the loaded mine body, the pressure plate, the special percussion fuze, and the base propellant charge. The pressure plate is a steel disc, four inches in diameter, threaded to the top of the fuze mechanism.
The mine body consists of a cylindrical, corrugated-steel outer casing containing the explosive main charge, and a central tube, threaded into the base of the mine body for the insertion of the fuze mechanism and the propellant charge. A long tubular recess is provided in one side of the center tube for the insertion of the instantaneous fuze and detonator.
Functioning: When the striker hits the percussion cap, the safety fuze is ignited and burns from 1 to 2 seconds, allowing sufficient time for the enemy to move forward and remove his foot from the mine. The flash from the safety fuze ignites the propellant charge and projects the mine into the air. Simultaneously, the flash from the gunpowder ignites the instantaneous fuze, which fires the detonator when the mine is about 2 to 4 feet in the air.
Use: This mine is a bounding-anti-personnel mine. The effective lethal range is estimated at 30 yards radius.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine in the ground on a drilled block of wood to provide support. Pack earth around the mine, and then remove the wing nut and safety spider, being careful not to exert any pressure on the pressure plate.
Neutralization: Reverse the process outlined for arming the mine.
A/P Mine E.P. No.4 (Obsolete)
Diameter: 2 and 7/8 inches
Height: 4 inches
Weight: 1 pound (approx.)
Explosive: 3 sticks of Gelignite (Each 4-inch x 1 and 1/4-inch in diameter)
Explosive weight: 3/4 pound
Weight: 1 pound (approx.)
Explosive: 3 sticks of Gelignite (Each 4-inch x 1 and 1/4-inch in diameter)
Explosive weight: 3/4 pound
Material: Sheet metal
Fuzing: Fuze Unit No.1, with any pull or pressure switch, or with Pressure Switch E.P. No.1
Description: The Mine E.P. No.4 consists of three component parts: the outer mine canister, the inner loaded mine case, and the special Fuze Unit No.1.
The outer canister consists of a cylindrical sheet metal container for the inner loaded case. The outer canister acts as a mortar from which the inner case is projected. A short tube projects from one side of the outer container near the bottom. The instantaneous fuze passes through this tube to the switch, when the mine is laid. The top of the outer canister is closed by a lid.
The inner loaded mine case contains shrapnel set in concrete around the side and bottom. In the center of the case are located three sticks of Gelignite, which comprise the main explosive charge. Near one edge of the inner case is located a hole to allow passage of the instantaneous fuze.
Functioning: Operation of the switch initiates the red instantaneous fuze. The red fuze ignites the black powder charge, which blows the inner mine case out of the canister, and then flashes on to ignite the safety fuze delay. The safety fuze allows the bomb to fall back to the ground before detonating.
The outer canister consists of a cylindrical sheet metal container for the inner loaded case. The outer canister acts as a mortar from which the inner case is projected. A short tube projects from one side of the outer container near the bottom. The instantaneous fuze passes through this tube to the switch, when the mine is laid. The top of the outer canister is closed by a lid.
The inner loaded mine case contains shrapnel set in concrete around the side and bottom. In the center of the case are located three sticks of Gelignite, which comprise the main explosive charge. Near one edge of the inner case is located a hole to allow passage of the instantaneous fuze.
Functioning: Operation of the switch initiates the red instantaneous fuze. The red fuze ignites the black powder charge, which blows the inner mine case out of the canister, and then flashes on to ignite the safety fuze delay. The safety fuze allows the bomb to fall back to the ground before detonating.
Use: This mine is a bounding shrapnel mine designed for anti-personnel purposes. When the mine is fired, the bomb jumps from its container, comes to rest on the surface of the ground, and explodes.
Assembly and Arming: Remove the lid from the mine, and withdraw the fuze unit and the inner case. Thread the detonator end of the fuze unit through the hole in the inner case.
Thread the other end through the hole in the outer canister and draw it all the way through, lowering the inner case gently into the canister. Attach the trip or pressure mechanism to the fuze unit. Charge the bomb with three sticks of Gelignite; insert he detonator into one stick; and replace the lid of the mine.
Thread the other end through the hole in the outer canister and draw it all the way through, lowering the inner case gently into the canister. Attach the trip or pressure mechanism to the fuze unit. Charge the bomb with three sticks of Gelignite; insert he detonator into one stick; and replace the lid of the mine.
Neutralization: Cut the red instantaneous fuze at the most convenient place. Neutralize the switch. Remove the lid from the outer canister and pull the detonator from the charge. Remove the inner case from the container and unthread the fuze unit.
A/P Mine No.5 Mk I (Service)
Diameter: 2 inches
Height: 3 and 3/8 inches
Explosive: 50/50 Pentolite or 50/50 RDX/TNT
Explosive: 50/50 Pentolite or 50/50 RDX/TNT
Explosive weight: 6 and 3/4 ounces
Material: Cardboard
Fuzing: Special fuze
Pressure required: 6 to 12 pounds (approx.)
Pressure required: 6 to 12 pounds (approx.)
Color: Brown
Markings: Red band around base;
black band between two green bands around center when Pentolite filled;
single blue band at center when RDX/TNT filled.
Description: The mine consists of two principal components: the loaded mine body and the fuze mechanism.
The mine body consists of a cardboard cylinder and ends, containing the explosive main charge. AA central well is provided for the insertion of the fuze. A 5-dram perforated C.E. pellet booster is placed around the lower portion of the central well.
Functioning: Sufficient pressure on the fuze forces the rod down through the collar and releases the retaining balls. The spring-loaded striker is freed to initiate the explosive train.
The mine body consists of a cardboard cylinder and ends, containing the explosive main charge. AA central well is provided for the insertion of the fuze. A 5-dram perforated C.E. pellet booster is placed around the lower portion of the central well.
Functioning: Sufficient pressure on the fuze forces the rod down through the collar and releases the retaining balls. The spring-loaded striker is freed to initiate the explosive train.
Use: This mine is a non-metallic anti-personnel mine, designed to prevent detection by means of mine detectors. The only metallic parts used in its construction are the detonator, spring, balls, and striker.
Assembly and Arming: Place the mine in the grund. Remove the wooden plug from the fuze well and insert the Detonator No.89 provided. Check the striker unit to make certain that it is properly assembled, and insert the striker unit in the fuze well above the igniter unit. Be careful to exert no pressure on the striker unit once it has been inserted in the mine.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, carefully remove the striker unit, lift mine, and remove detonator-igniter unit.
Remarks: Due to the non-metallic construction of this mine and the small area, it will be very difficult to detect this mine either with detectors or by probing.
Because of the small effective pressure area of the striker unit, it is recommended that this area be increased by placing a small piece of wood, etc., above the striker after laying. A circular steel pressure plate is provided with the later issues of this mine. The pressure plate has a small bush on its under surface, which fits over the top of the ebonite striker housing. The use of this pressure plate will eliminate the non-detectable feature of the mine, but will increase the operating efficiency by increasing the pressure area.
Remarks: Due to the non-metallic construction of this mine and the small area, it will be very difficult to detect this mine either with detectors or by probing.
Because of the small effective pressure area of the striker unit, it is recommended that this area be increased by placing a small piece of wood, etc., above the striker after laying. A circular steel pressure plate is provided with the later issues of this mine. The pressure plate has a small bush on its under surface, which fits over the top of the ebonite striker housing. The use of this pressure plate will eliminate the non-detectable feature of the mine, but will increase the operating efficiency by increasing the pressure area.
A/P and Anti-Tire Mine (Service)
Diameter: 2 inches
Height: 1 and 1/8 inches
Total weight: 5 ounces
Total weight: 5 ounces
Explosive weight: 2 ounces
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Special
Pressure required: 25 to 75 pounds
Pressure required: 25 to 75 pounds
Color: Unpainted steel
Markings: 1/2-inch ring of red crosses near top; 1/2-inch green ring near base
Description: This mine resembles a small, round, tin ointment box, and consists of two telescoping steel halves. The smaller bottom half houses the igniter, while the larger top half contains the doughnut-shaped explosive charge, which is glued to the under side of the top with a sticky adhesive substance.
Functioning: When the two halves of the mine are compressed, the detonator holder slides down over the cap-holder sleeve, compressing the striker spring. At the same time it forces the striker through the copper shear wire, which passes through the head of the striker and the walls of the cap-holder sleeve. The detonator holder has two diametrically opposed longitudinal grooves, about one third of an inch long, which allow it to slide freely over the cap-holder sleeve without interference from the two projecting ends of the shear wire. This also serves to position the detonator holder with reference to the cap-holder sleeve, so that the two blast holes in the latter will be adjacent to the two detonators in the former. When the shear wire is sheared, the the spring forces the striker against the cap. The flame escapes outward through the blast holes, exploding the two round detonators and the main charge.
Functioning: When the two halves of the mine are compressed, the detonator holder slides down over the cap-holder sleeve, compressing the striker spring. At the same time it forces the striker through the copper shear wire, which passes through the head of the striker and the walls of the cap-holder sleeve. The detonator holder has two diametrically opposed longitudinal grooves, about one third of an inch long, which allow it to slide freely over the cap-holder sleeve without interference from the two projecting ends of the shear wire. This also serves to position the detonator holder with reference to the cap-holder sleeve, so that the two blast holes in the latter will be adjacent to the two detonators in the former. When the shear wire is sheared, the the spring forces the striker against the cap. The flame escapes outward through the blast holes, exploding the two round detonators and the main charge.
Use: This mine is designed for use by the airborne forces. It will be found laid in fields, along the edges of roads, or in other conspicuous places where the foot soldier or light transport is likely to go. The charge is sufficient to blow off a man's foot or rupture the tire of a vehicle. The mine can easily be detected by any type of mine detector.
Assembly and Arming: Place the detonator holder over the cap-holder sleeve and screw the cap into the bottom half of the mine body. Place the top half of the mine over the bottom half, and lay the mine in the ground.
Neutralization: Reverse the procedure outlined for assembly and arming. This mine has no safety device incorporated in it.
Remarks: This mine has been discovered frequently in France. It was first reported to be of German origin and labelled the "Ointment Box Mine".
Remarks: This mine has been discovered frequently in France. It was first reported to be of German origin and labelled the "Ointment Box Mine".
Grenade No.75 Mk I (Adapted for A/P Use) (Service)
Height: 1 and 7/8 inches
Length: 6 and 1/2 inches
Width: 3 and 5/8 inches
Total weight: 3 pounds
Explosive: Nobel's No.704 or Ammonal
Width: 3 and 5/8 inches
Total weight: 3 pounds
Explosive: Nobel's No.704 or Ammonal
Explosive weight: 1,5 pounds
Material: Steel
Fuzing: Grenade Igniter No.75 Mk II
Pressure required: 10 pounds (approx.)
Pressure required: 10 pounds (approx.)
Color: Buff
Description: This grenade is commonly used as an anti-tank mine, but may be adapter for anti-personnel use.
One striker bracket has been removed and replaced by a small wooden block, as a safety device. This block is temporarily held in position by two thumb tacks through the slots in the pressure plate provided for the bracket clips. A band of adhesive tape around the whole mine positions the pressure plate.
One striker bracket has been removed and replaced by a small wooden block, as a safety device. This block is temporarily held in position by two thumb tacks through the slots in the pressure plate provided for the bracket clips. A band of adhesive tape around the whole mine positions the pressure plate.
Use: The mine is used as a blast-type anti-personnel mine. The mine should be laid just below the level of the ground, with a slight covering of soil or foliage for concealment. Care should be taken to ensure that stones or small pieces of wood do not become lodged between the striker plate and the mine body. These mines should not be laid closer together than three feet to avoid sympathetic detonation.
Assembly and Arming: The mine is armed in the usual way. The detonator is inserted in the igniter (open end to open end) and fastened by the rubber tube provided. Insert the complete assemblies into the pockets provided ont he top of the mine body, with detonator inwards. If armed correctly, the red of the igniter can be seen in the gap in the fuze pocket. Close cover tabs to prevent the detonators from falling out.
Lay the mine in the ground and remove the two thumb tacks by pulling up on the two string loops attached to them. Remove the wooden block. Utmost precaution should be taken to put no pressure on the mine pressure plate after it has been set.
Lay the mine in the ground and remove the two thumb tacks by pulling up on the two string loops attached to them. Remove the wooden block. Utmost precaution should be taken to put no pressure on the mine pressure plate after it has been set.
Neutralization: To neutralize this mine, raise the pressure plate and reinsert the wooden block, making it fast with thumb tacks. Open the flaps on the fuze pockets and remove the fuze assemblies. Take the fuze assemblies apart, and store the detonators and igniters separately.
Remarks: The A/T Hand Grenades No.75 Mks II and III ("Hawkins Grenades") can be similarly adopted for anti-personnel use.
Remarks: The A/T Hand Grenades No.75 Mks II and III ("Hawkins Grenades") can be similarly adopted for anti-personnel use.
Next Time: Army and Navy Demolition Stores
G.s is General Service, what does E.P stand for?
ReplyDeleteThe only reference I've ever seen stated it meant "Enhanced Performance"
DeleteWhat year were the first British Anti-Personnel mines (not boobytrap mines, but those for minefields) produced?
ReplyDeleteHey, sorry for the delay.
DeleteI'm going through my library and, at the moment, the only conclusive thing I can find is a quote from "Malice Aforethought" by Ian Jones MBE that says:
"In the British Army, tactical doctrine in the mid 1930s reflected the First World War experience and advocated the use of contact, observation, and delayed-action mines."
Chapter 3 - Devices and Designers
Source given is: Manual of Field Engineering, volume 11 (RE) 1936, HMSO, London, 1936.
If I find anything else, I'll add a second reply.